Method of constructing pockets in wall structures for sliding doors or windows.



No. 690,08l. Patented Dec. 3i, I90l. D. SCHUYLER.

METHOD OF CONSTBUQTING POCKETS IN WALL STRUCTURES FUR SLIDING DOORS 0RWINDOWS.

(Application filed July 1900. Renewed May 23, 1901.) Mel.)

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. N0. 690,08I. Patented Dec.- 3|, 190i.

0. SCHUYLER. METHOD OF GONSTRUCTING POCK ETS IN WALL STRUCTURES FORSLIDING DOORS 0B wmoows.

(Application filed July 20, 1900. Renewed May 28, 1901.)

UNITED STATES ATENT FFICE.

DANIEL SCI-IUYLER, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE PERFECTSLIDING DOOR COMPANY, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OFCALIFORNIA.

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING POCKETS IN WALL STRUCTURES FOR SLIDING DOORS ORWINDOWS.

SEEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 690,081, dated December31, 1901.

Application filed July 20, 1900. Renewed May 23,1901. Serial No. 61,6d2.(No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DANIEL SOHUYLER, a citizen of the United States,formerly of San Diego, now of Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles,State of California, have invented a new and useful Improvement in lVallStructures Pertaining to Pockets for Sliding Doors or \Vindows andMethod of Constructing the Same, of which the following is aspecification.

Although my invention in its more complete form is especially designedfor forming the wall-pocket for sliding doors, the inventioninvolvesimprovements applicable fortheconstruction of other hollow wallsand also for the construction of walls of a single thickness and alsofor the construction of ceilings.

The main object of my invention is to provide an improved form ofwall-pocket for sliding doors to perfectly accommodate the sliding doorin what is known as a fourinch wall-that is to say, a wall formed withtwoby-four-inch studding.

By my invention I propose to provide a hollow wall of the dimensionsstated and having a pocket-space of ample width for ordinary slidingdoors of very great strength and durability, to avoid all danger ofbreaking away and falling down of plaster inside the pocket, to providesmooth plastered surfaces inside the pocket over all of the surfaces,which in the ordinary construction would present bare laths except whenspecially lined, and to secure all of these advantages by extremelysimple means and at less expense for material than is required in theold forms of structures.

In constructing my improved wall-pocketI provide for completely closingthe pocket throughout, except at the opening through which the doorslides into the pocket, so that there will be no openings for vermin orfor draftways in case of fire.

In the ordinary methods of plastering where the plaster is in anintegral body the plaster which is forced through the interstices in thelathing hangs upon the inside in the form of what are generally known asclenchers and which project at irregular distances. These clenchersoften extend so far into the space behind the lathing that theyinterfere with the sliding of the door and are subject to be jarred offand to fall to the floor and to interfere at the base with the slidingof the door. Furthermore, the bond which is formed by said clenchers,composed of the plaster which is squeezed through the interstices of theplastering upon laths which are fastened to the studdingin the ordinarymethod, is very weak, for the reason that the plaster is not broughtinto positive contact with the inner face of the lathing. This weaknessof bond between the plaster and the lathing causes the plaster to beliable to become loose and in some instances to fall off in case theclenchers become softened by moisture. The liability of the plaster tobecome loose and fall off results from the fact that the plaster doesnot fully fill the interstices between the lathing. This is moreparticularly true in the case of wooden lathing.

By my method of plastering I produce a very strong bond between theplaster and the lathing and entirely incase with. the plaster theportions of the lathing which are ordinarily exposed, and I can producewith wooden lathing fastened to studding a wall of greater strength andwhich is much less liable to yield to destructive influences than wallsheretofore made with like lathing. My invention, however, is applicableto walls constructed with metal lathing.

By my invention I insure greater cleanliness by avoiding rough surfacesand projections for the lodgment of dust and other foreign matter.Bycompletely covering thelathing and closing all cracks I make the wallmore vermin-proof than heretofore insured by the ordinary methods ofplastering.

My newly-invented method of plastering for forming wall-pockets andother plastered walls consists in supplying to one side of the lathingto be plastered, a form or backing at a slight distance from the lathiugand then applying, in the usual way, the plaster to the opposite side ofthe lathing in the form of mortar, and pressing the same through theinterstices between the lathing thus filling the space between thelathing'and the form or backing, to produce between the lathing and theform or backing an integral body of plaster corresponding to the body ofplaster on the face of the wall outside the lathing. Sufficient pressureis applied in forcing the mortar through the interstices to produce ahydrostatic pressure in the space behind the lathing to bring all themortar into intimate contact with the lathing on the rear side thereofand in the interstices and to form a strong bond between the lathing andplaster all around the exposed portions of the lathing-that is to say,the plaster is forced into intimate contact with the entire face of thelathing except that portion which is in direct contact with thestudding. The pressure ordinarily applied in the former mode ofplastering is sufficient to produce the required effect when the backingis in place to confine the mortar and produce the required hydrostaticpressure. The space to be left between the backing and the lathing maybe of greater or less width, according to the preference of the builder;but it can be of such width that the quantity of plaster required tofill it will not exceed that ordinarily required to form the so-calledclenchers and to supply the waste which breaks 0E and falls inside thewall in the former method of plastering walls formed with lathingfastened in the wall.

I prefer that the form or backing presented to the plastering be assmooth as possible, and I propose to make the same of wood and to oilthe surface of the wood which comes into contact with the plaster, thusto prevent the plaster from sticking to the form; but it may be made ofmetal or any other suitable material.

In constructing the wall-pocket I prefer for economy to use a form orbacking having panels to fit into the spaces between the members of thewall which serve the purpose of studding and bracing the wall.

In carrying out my invention the frame of the structure is constructedwith a view to being readily produced at the lumber-mill and can beshipped in set-up or knockeddown form and can be erected in the buildingwith great accuracy, ease, and readiness.

In my invention I form the plaster in an integral body enveloping thelathing and formed in a substantially unbroken face on the side oppositethe studding and extending on theother side with substantially unbrokenface from studding to'studdingthat is to say, I produce with the plastera finished surface upon both sides of the lathing in a substantiallyunbroken face from the top to the bottom of the wall. i

My invention also includes the specific form of structure for the walland slidingdoor pocket.

The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention.

Figure I is a fragmental perspective view showing my improvement incourse of erection into a building, the floor and the ceiling joists ofwhich are partially shown. Differeeo,osi

ent parts of the wall structure are shown in different stages ofcompletion. Fig. II is an elevation of my wall structure applied with adoor in place. Dotted lines indicate the hidden framing. Fig. III is avertical section on line III III, Figs. V and VI, omitting the form orbacking for molding the plaster inside the pocket. Fig. IV is anenlarged plan section on line IV V, Fig. II, with the form in placeapplying the mortar. Fig. V is a like section afterthe forms have beenwithdrawn. Fig. VI is an enlarged plan section on line VI VI, Fig. III.Fig. VII is an enlarged vertical section on line VII VII, Fig. III. Fig.VIII is an enlarged section on line VIII VIII, Fig. III.

a indicates the base upon which the Wall stands. This may be anysuitable support such, for instance, as a floor. 19 indicates the topsupport for the wall. This may consist of one or more joists of theceiling.

It is to be understood that the wall may extend parallel with theceiling-joists as well as across them. In the drawings the wall is shownas extending crosswise of the ceilingjoists b.

0 indicates a cross-studding for the end of the door-pocket and restingon the base and extending to and fastened to the top support on joist band being of a width to extend fully.

across the space between the lathing of the wall. This studding ispreferably a two-byfour-inch studding. I

d d indicate two door-post studding, oblong in cross-section, resting onthe base a and extending to and fastened to a plate or headerj at thetop of the door-pocket and set equidistant from the cross-studding c,with their greater widths parallel with each other and with their outerfaces in the plane of the outer face of the plastering of the proposedwall. Said studding is preferably two-byfour-inch studding rabbeted toform recesses ll, respectively, in their outer faces at the edges whichface toward the cross-studding, faces of said recesses and the otherstudding being in one plane and the lathing being fastened on saidfaces-that is to say, the rabbets are equal in depth to the depth ofwall from the outside face of the plaster to the in side face of thelathing e 6, so that the lathing can be seated on the .cross-studdingand in the rabbets of the door-post studding.

f f indicate supplemental intermediatestuddingsubst-antiallycorrespondingin thickness to the rabbet-tongues gg,respectively,

and extending from base to header-platej between the cross-studding andthe rabbeted studding on opposite sides of the wall-pocket to supportthe lathing intermediately. e indicates the lathing fastened to theouterface 2 of one of said tongues g and extending to and fastened to thecorresponding outer face 3 of the cross-studding c and also fastened tothe outer face of the intermediate studding 4 indicates an integral bodyof plaster substantially enveloping the lathing and formed in asubstantially unbroken face 5 on the side opposite the studding andextending on the other side of said integral body in a smoothsubstantially unbroken face 6 from studding to studding. 6 indicateslathing on the outer face 2 of the other tongue g and outer face 3 ofthe cross-studding. 5 indicates plaster substantially enveloping saidlathing 4: and formed in a substantially unbroken face on the sideopposite the studding and extending on the other side with asubstantially unbroken face 6 from base to plate.

h h respectively indicate horizontal bars fastened to the cross-studdingc and rabbeted studdin g d 01, respectively, and also fastened to thesupplemental studding ff, respectively.

1' indicates a studding for the doorpost resting on and fastened to thepost a and fastened to the top support 19.

j indicates the header which forms the top of the pocket. The headerjextends from the door-post studding 2' to the cross-studding c, whichforms the end of the pocket and is fastened thereto.

7 indicates gains cut in the wider faces of the several studding to seatthe header j.

indicates studding extensions extending up from the header j to thetop-support joists h to form extensions of the studding d d and of thestudding ff. The studding extensions 7c are respectively provided withtenons 8, which rest on the headerj and fit between upwardly-projectingportions 9 of the stud ding d dff, which project above the top of theheader-j. Above their tenons the studding 7c are oft-he same width asthe studding i and c and are set with their greatest width across thewall to correspond with the studding c and 2'. The ends of the tenons 8rest on the headerj, and the shoulders 9 on each side of the tenons 8rest on the tops of the studding d clandff. The several studdings willbe fastened to the header and top support and to the base by anysuitable means, such as the nails 72.

Iwill now describe the method of constructing my newly-invented wallstructure as applied for the wall-pocket of a door.

The studdingi c, d d,ff, and 7c 7c and the header j and the bracing-barsh 72' will be cut at the mill exactly as required in the building, and,if desired, they may be fitted together at the mill and strips (notshown) tacked to the free ends of the several studding to prevent anyracking of the parts in transportation. Then the structure Will be takento the building where it is to be set up, or, if preferred, the partscan be cut to size at the mill and then transported to the buildingbefore being assembled. The frame formed of the studding and bars willthen be erected in place and the lathing e e, of any suitable character,will be applied, providing suitable interstices r, and their ends beingset in the gains Z Z and fastened to the tongues gg, re-

spectively, and also to the studding c and f f The framework formed bythe studding and bars, with lathing fastened to the studding by nails inthe ordinary way, having thus been furnished, the workmen will thenapply within the wall and at a short distancesay a half-inch, more orless-from the lathing one or more plates p, having a substantiallysmooth surface to sustain the pressure of the plastic mortar to beforced through the interstices of the lathing. These plates when appliedin the wall-pocket will rest against the inner faces of the door-poststudding and intermediate studding, and each plate will be held by awedge g, which fits between the plate 1) and the studding on theopposite side of the pocket. Then the plaster will be applied to thelathing upon the outer face of the wall, pressure being applied in theusual manner to force the plaster through the interstices of thelathing, and to mold the same against the face of the plates p and toforce the plaster into close bond with the entire exposed surface of thelath, thus to fullyenvelop the lath and apply the plaster under pressureto all exposed faces of the lathing. After the plaster has been appliedto the wall in front of the plate or plates said plate or plates will beremoved and the plaster allowed to set in the ordinary way. The wallthus formed will present a smooth plastered surface on both sides of thelathing.

The plates are preferably of metal, but may be made of wood. In order toavoid any liability of sticking and also to produce a superior surfaceon the inner face of the plaster, the face of the plate if made of Woodshould be kept well oiled.

The door-post studding d and d are set at the distance apart necessaryto accommodate a door of the required thickness and said studdingarranged, as shown, from a strong door-post and being fastened at topand bottom to the heading and base a gives great strength to the wall.The door-post studding t" and the cross end studding 0 being fastened tothe top support and base give greater strength and stability to the wallthan would be given if said studding did not extend to the joists. Therabbets Z L in the studding d d are equal in depth to the thickness ofthe plastered wall from the inside face of the lathing to the outsideface of the plaster, so that when the door-casing is placed on the outerfaces of the studding (Z d it will fit'close upon the face of theplaster.

My new method of plastering may be applied to other walls and toceilings.

The lathin g may be of wood or metal, as preferred by the builder.

The plaster between the studding on the side of the lathing which facesthe studding forms a solid body tightly set between and molded onto thestudding. This materially increases the strength and rigidity of thewall and is of much value where a thin wall is required. \Vhile theadvantage of this construction is of special importance in theconstruction of wall-pockets for sliding doors, I do not propose tolimit its use to the construction of wall-pockets. Wherever my inventionis applied, whether in ceiling or wall, the plaster will act as a bracebetween the timbers which support the lathing. In applying the plasterto ceilings the former or backing will be upheld between the joistsabove the lathing by blocks, (not shown,) which will be laid on thelathing to afford a space for the plaster between the lathing and thebacking in the same way as with the intermediate studdingff and thestuddinga a.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is-

1. A wall comprising a base; a header; a studding fastened to andextending between the base and the header and extending transverselyacross the space between said base and header; studding connecting thebase and header and oppositely arranged to provide an open spaceextending along and between the inner faces of the base and header;lathing on the studding on one side of the open space; an integral bodyof plaster enveloping said lathing and formed in a substantiallyunbroken face on the side opposite the studding and extending on theother side in a substantially unbroken face from studding tostudding;lathing on the studding on the other side of said open space; and anintegral body of plaster enveloping such lathing and formed in asubstantially unbroken face on the side opposite the studding andextending on the other side ina substantially unbroken face from studding to studding.

' 2. A wall comprising astudding rabbeted at one edge; other studdingcorresponding in thickness to the tongue formed by the rabbet a base anda header holding said studding with one face in line with therabbet-face of said tongue; lathing of less depth than said rabbet,fastened in said rabbet and against said studding; and an integral bodyof plaster in said rabbet and extending in a substantially unbroken facein front of said lathing and extending through the interstices of thelathing and formed in a substantially unbroken face on the other side ofthe lathing from studding to studding.

3; The combination of a base; a header; a

cross-studding connecting the base and header and of a'width to extendacross the space between the lathing of the wall; two studding oblong incross-section connecting the base and header and set equidistant fromthe crossstudding with their greater widths parallel with each other andwith their outer faces in the plane of the face of the proposed wall;

' said studding being rabbeted at their outer l faces at the edges whichface said cross-studding; the outer faces of the tongues formed by saidrabbets being in the plane of the outer faces of said cross-studding;lathing fastened ing outer face of the cross-studding; an integral bodyof plaster substantially enveloping the lathin g and formed in asubstantially unbroken face on the side opposite the studding andextending on the other side in a substantially unbroken face fromstudding to studding; lathing on the other tongue and outer face of'thecross-studding; and plaster substantially enveloping said lathing andformed in a substantially unbroken face on the side opposite thestudding and extending on the other side with substantially unbrokenface from studding to studding.

4. The combination with a base and atop support, of a door-post studdingfastened to the base and extending to and fastened to the top support;the pocket end studdingfastened to the base and extending to andfastened to the top support; a header extending between and fastened tothe pocket end post and the door-post; two pocket-mouth posts setflatwise on opposite sides of the header and fastened to the header andto the base, and rabbeted on their outerfaces at the edge next thepocket end post; two intermediate studding respectively fastened to thebase and to the header on opposite sides thereof, the outer faces of.said intermediate studding being in the plane of the outer facesrespectively of the rabbet-tongues and cross-studding; lathing on theouter faces of said tongues and studding; and plaster on said lathing.

5. A wall comprising a studding rabbeted at one edge; other studdingcorresponding in thickness to the tongue formed by the rabbet; a baseand header holding said studdin g with one face in line with therabbet-face of said tongue; lathing fastened in said rabbet against saidstudding; and a body of plaster in said rabbet and on said lathing.

6. The combination of a base; a header; a cross-studdin g connecting thebase and header and of a width to extend across the space between thelathing of the wall; two studding oblong in cross-section connecting thebase and header and set equidistant from the crossextending to'andfastened to the corresponding outer face of the cross-studding; a bodyof plaster on said lathing; lathing on the other tongue and outer faceof the cross-studding; and plaster on said lathing.

7. A Wall-section comprising a studding, a

recess being provided at one edge thereof; other studding; faces of therecess and the other studding being in one plane; lathing on said faces;a base and header holding said studding; and a body of plaster in saidrecess and on said lathing.

8. A wall-section comprising a stndding, a recess being provided at oneedge thereof; other studding; faces of the recess and the other studdingbeing in one plane; lathing on said faces; means for supporting thestudding; and a body of plaster in said recess and on said lathing andenveloping the lathing between the studding.

9. A wall-section comprising a studding, a recess being provided at oneedge thereof; other studding; faces of the recess and the studding beingin one plane; lathing on said faces; means for holding said studding;and a body of plaster enveloping said lathing between said studding.

10. A Wall composed of two parallel sections connected together at thetop, bottom and one edge, and with an open space at the other edgebetween said sections to form a pocket open at one edge and closed atthe other edge and at top and bottom, inner faces of both of saidsections being coated with plaster.

11. A wall composed of two parallel sec- LlOIlS connected together atthe top, bottom and one edge and with an open space at the other edgeand between said sections to form a pocket open at one edge and closedat the other edge and at top and bottom; said sections beingrespectively formed of studding and lathing, and plastering covering thelathing and enveloping the lathing between the studding.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses, at Los Angeles,

Witnesses:

JAMES R. TOWNSEND, JULIA TOWNSEND.

